A foreign lender or buyer may need a licence before it can receive controlled technical data, and enforcement can require approval before assets or shares change hands.
Across the 3 regimes
United Kingdom
Export Control Order 2008: no export of military goods, or electronic transfer of military software or technology, without a licence.
United States
ITAR (22 CFR 120 to 130) for defense articles and services, the EAR (15 CFR 730 to 774) for dual-use and 600-series items. ITAR registrants must notify changes in ownership or control.
EU and NATO
Dual-use Regulation (EU) 2021/821 for dual-use items. Military exports are licensed nationally under Common Position 2008/944/CFSP.
The rest of this page sets out the 3 quoted provisions behind these cells, what is usually negotiated, and what lenders and buyers ask. It is free with a work email, along with the full tools and guides.
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Related
- Tool: Export control navigator for deals
- Tool: Defence finance clause library
- Checklist: Defence procurement contract review checklist
- Checklist: Defence target due diligence checklist
General information on public law and standard terms as at 28 Oct 2026, not legal advice on any contract or transaction. Quoted wording is checked against the official text linked to it.